中华文化专题档案

春节以中国历法正月初一为新年起点，“过年”包含节前准备、除夕团聚、迎新祝福和社区庆典等一整套社会实践。

Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and brings together preparation, reunion, greetings and community celebration.

端午节始于农历五月初五前后，各地以龙舟、节令食物、草药与纪念仪式形成不同传统，并在家庭和社区中延续。

Dragon Boat Festival is observed around the fifth day of the fifth lunar month through regional traditions of boating, seasonal food, plants and commemoration.

中秋节在农历八月十五庆祝，人们由满月联想到团圆，并以赏月、月饼、灯彩和地方礼俗表达亲友相聚与丰收祝愿。

Celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, Mid-Autumn Festival links the full moon with reunion, seasonal food, lanterns and wishes for harvest and wellbeing.

长城不是一堵单一城墙，而是跨越多个历史时期、由墙体、关隘、烽火台和防御设施组成的庞大系统。

The Great Wall is not one continuous wall but a vast defensive system of walls, passes, beacon towers and related structures built across many periods.

北京故宫完成于明代早期，此后五百多年作为明清皇宫和国家礼制空间，今天由故宫博物院保护、研究并向公众展示。

Completed in the early Ming period, Beijing's Forbidden City served for more than five centuries as an imperial palace and ceremonial centre and is now preserved by the Palace Museum.

都江堰始建于公元前 3 世纪，利用岷江地形与水流分水、排沙、泄洪和灌溉，是仍在发挥作用的古代水利系统。

Begun in the third century BCE, Dujiangyan uses the Min River's terrain and flow to divide water, drain sediment, control floods and irrigate farmland, and it remains operational.

孔子生活于春秋末期，是儒家传统的重要奠基者。他以教学、礼乐实践和关于仁、德与学习的讨论影响了此后东亚思想史。

Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period and helped shape the Confucian tradition through teaching, ritual practice and discussions of humanity, virtue and learning.

李白是盛唐最有影响力的诗人之一，作品以强烈想象、开阔空间和鲜明自我形象著称。他的旅行与交游也连接了唐代多地文化。

Li Bai was one of the most influential High Tang poets, known for expansive imagination, vivid spaces and a powerful poetic persona shaped by travel and friendship.

苏轼是北宋文学家、书画家与官员，号东坡居士。他在多次迁转和贬谪中持续写作，使地方经验、日常生活与士人精神相互交织。

Su Shi was a Northern Song writer, calligrapher, painter and official. Through repeated appointments and exiles, he turned local experience and daily life into a broad literary and intellectual legacy.